Environmental Justice And Gentrification Of The United...

Final Paper Environmental Justice and Gentrification The United States and its population pride themselves on setting the trend. Whether it’s the newest clothing line, the best recording artist, or a slightly more important issue, Americans pride themselves in setting the pace on issues for the rest of the world. One issue that has caught our attention is the term â€Å"urban greening†. This is defined as taking an urban area and making it more â€Å"green† by adding parks, building green roofs on apartments, or closing power plants and other harmful industrial areas to create a more environmentally safe area (Brasuell, 2014). When a low-income area, with many undesirable environmental qualities, starts becoming greener, it causes a negative effect on that population (Regan, n.d). While their housing is now better, the neighborhood becomes increasingly desirable, causing a spike in cost of living and other expenses. Now that the rent has increased, the original tenants cannot afford the new prices, and they are forced to move out. This process is called â€Å"environmental gentrification†. This term has sparked numerous debates due to it’s two polar opposite sides. While environmental justice strives to provide equal development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws and quality, these qualities are what makes low-income areas desirable. Imagine a low-income area in New York City, where a neighborhood is next to several production plants and is not near anyShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesstored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The us e of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher

Elkay Plumbing Products Division - 1262 Words

Summary: Background: Elkay was the American largest manufacturer of stainless steel residential sinks which extended its scope into various kinds of products with only a few competitors. Its Plumbing Products Division produced different level and priced sinks in three plants separately based on different process requirements and characters of products and further invented itself to become the industry’s innovator. Elkay’s main market included North America and selected international markets. In 2007, Elkay’s main outlet market begun to collapse; prices of raw materials increased sharply; Chinese competitors began to encroach on its low-end and threaten its relationships with key customers together with its pricing pressure from retailers†¦show more content†¦In addition, it wrongly allocated its indirect costs at volume bases. The use of process technology mentioned in the case led to an increase in factory overheads Since direct labor hours was not a cost driver of them, allocating its large proportion of fixed factory overheads and other indirect batch-level costs on the basis of DLHs in this cost system did not accurately measure how resources were being used. As a result, these inaccurate allocations would have significant costs to Elkay. Moreover, it disregarded its cost structure in which most costs were â€Å"fixed† that would not vary in the short run and should be allocated based on its practical capacity. By using the â€Å"actual sales volume† as the allocation base for allocating its large corporate overheads, this standard costing system in fact over-pricing its products for its actual productivity was lower than the practical capacity under the intense competition. As a consequence of all problem within the standard costing system, PPD urgently needed an accurate costing system. Indeed, PPD had ever tried to solve these problems by developing a simple Excel-based ABC model. Whereas, due to the difficulties of implementing and maintaining it; the incompatibility with other control systems; managers’ lack of awareness of the benefit of ABC system and employees’ worried about headcount. The

A playbook for Strategy, Summary Example For Students

A playbook for Strategy, Summary A playbook for strategy 11/14/2013 The article discusses the five essential questions at the heart of any winning strategy. The author believes that answering these five questions can define and create a successful strategy of an organization, no matter what type, size or context it is. The first question asks after the winning aspiration. Most companies have a general or abstract mission, state or vision that makes no reference to competitions, customers or to winning. The author believes, that if you don’t set out to win, you rarely will. That’s why a aspiration always has to be defined very clear and detailed. The second questions is â€Å"Where will you play? †. It determines where an organization will compete, regarding to markets, customers, channels, product categories and the vertical stages of its industry. This choice is the careful consideration of a set of possibilities together. The third question, that needs to be answered is â€Å"How will you win? †. Together with the â€Å"Where? † aspect this question forms the very heart of strategy. It defines the method by which an organization will win and depends very much on the â€Å"playing field† of an organization. To answer this question a company has to figure out its competitive advantage and then build on it. To be successful the â€Å"how-to-win† strategy needs to be very difficult to copy and very unique. The fourth questions asks after the capabilities that must be in place. Core capabilities are a subset of capabilities that truly matter and make the difference between winning and losing. To determine this capabilities an organization has to find out at what it needs to be distinctively good in to play and win how it wants it. The author gives an example by the PG Company, that has the following capabilities: deep customer understanding, innovation, brand building, go-to-market ability and global scale. The last question is â€Å"What management systems are required? † The management systems are the systems that build, support and measure a strategy. Without these the strategy will only be a wish list. An organizations needs a robust process for creating, reviewing and communicating about strategy. It needs structure and specific measures. All these questions can be understood as a reinforcing cascade. One question builds on the context of the another question. The intent is to provide a clear and powerful framework for thinking about winning choices. With these five questions strategy can be demystified. In my opinion the article gives a good summary about what leads an organization to success. But it is way too general too use it as a â€Å"playbook for developing a strategy†. The questions are formulated very universally, which is good, because they are applicable for every organization, but even in the explaining there is no information given about finding the answers. I think it would be very helpful to give a more detailed guide for the reader. What I also don’t like, is that the almost only example is the PG Case, which is on the one hand good, because it keeps the article simple but on the other hand would it be more interesting to read more about other cases to give this article more personality. I agree to the five questions model, because every company should have a very clear defined goal that explains where it wants to go and how.

Use of Energy in the Industrial Organizations-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Use of Energy in the Industrial Organizations. Answer: Harnessing of energy as an approach to industrial energy management Various publications have been made on how to effectively manage the use of energy in the industrial organizations. According to Rockwell Automation (2012), it is important for the management of the contemporary organizations to understand approaches to utilize in ensuring that energy is well used. It is due to the fact that the misuse of energy in industries leads to high costs of production therefore low profits are realized. Another publication was made by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that indicated that energy is regarded to be an essential element facilitating industries to create wealth, especially when used effectively. When there is a constant supply of energy, sustainable development is enhanced. For this to be realized, resources should be utilized judiciously, technology put into consideration and effective incentives as well as strategic policy planning. The US Energy Administration 2013 concluded that the use of systemic energy management approach is the most appropriate way of improving the efficiency of energy use. It should, therefore, be utilized by industries. This is enhanced since the system is able to provide a procedure to companies on the way to go about it. Raphael Wantemi 2012 established that the utilization of energy appropriately in the organization is a vital element in enhancing sustainable development (Worrell, 2011, p. 80). Whenever this is realized, the organization advances and evades negative environmental challenges that would come as a result of power misuse. Harpreet and Kamaldeep 2012 posit that the conservation of energy by the industries leads to economic benefits since the cost of production is lowered. The publication further suggested that industries such as those that deal with cement, aluminum, and paper have been able to achieve conserving power. Gosh and Royshee 2011 suggested that firms should employ energy consultant officer in order to guide industries in matters of energy conservation, use, and harness. O'Riordan, (2014, p. 66), launched that energy firms should limit their energy use in order to avoid wastage so long as productivity is not barricaded. The authors suggested that approaches such as housekeeping, process modification, and better equipment management need to be employed. The employment of these strategies will help energy firms in minimizing costs of environmental conservation as well as advancing their practicability in the environment. Prince and Mckane acknowledge the fact that adverse effects due to the misuse of energy, for instance, climate change have been motivators of enhancing energy efficiency. Organizations are therefore forced to employ approaches that ensure that energy is well managed. It is a benefit since little carbon dioxide is emitted into the air. Savacool and Brown 2009 regard energy efficiency as an approach that targets at improving the performance of the energy equipment while changing the attitudes of consumers. Firms need to employ technologies that ensure that the amount of power used in firms is reduced (Mace, 2014, p. 1500). Measures such as cogeneration of power and heat should be utilized. The use of adjustable speed drives as well as high-efficiency electric motors should be considered. Misuse of energy is costly to companies and requires proper appraisal programs for mitigating its adverse effects on the society which are also costly. Rockwell Automation, 2012 suggested that industries need to employ approaches that ensure that the compressed air management efficient, motors, variable drives, efficient lighting, heating, load shifting and cooling need to be dealt with. This will lead to 5% energy saving annually globally. Rockwell Automation, 2012 suggested that plants should use a certified energy auditor that will facilitate energy conservation activities in the firms (Kaur Harpreet Kamal deep Kaur, May 2012, p. 44). The manager needs to oversee companys operations that target at saving the power use. Manesh and Navale 2011 advised firms to use external auditors and agencies to monitor the energy usage in firms. When energy costs are reduced the likelihood of companies making profits is high. Through auditing, the organizations are able to identify the energy and fuel used in the organizations. United Nation Industrialization Development Organization, (UNIDO) 2008 established that advancement in use of energy firms should not be optional since every firm works towards realizing profits to enhance advancement. Technology should be employed as a tool in realizing this. Systems should be able to detect energy used by the external individuals at the expense of the industries (Heberlein, 2012, p. 585). Blaustain and Radgen 2001 recognized that industries through economically and technically approaches towards energy saving have realized 33% energy saved especially in European industries (Ghosh Duke and Joyashree Roy, 2011, p. 33). Fleiter et.al 2001 offered pieces of advice to companies that they were to deal with the barriers to energy efficiency, for instance, the cultural, financial and technical barriers need to be prioritized. Establishing the gap Basing on the above studies, there is a clear indication that the management of power approaches in firms is comprehensively covered. The companies that have adopted the above approaches have not only reduced energy wastage but have realized profound profits. However, my study is different as it will not only unfold the approaches but also establish how companies should harness power by use of the resources available such as technology which will ensure that companies save the costs used for paying the energy bills. To sum up, it is clear that companies can only develop if they deal with energy wastage, a problem that many have suffered and even some of them collapsed. Conservation and harnessing of power are key elements that need to be implemented by the companies too. Limiting energy wastage helps in environmental conservation and lowering the costs of energy usage management by companies (Fleiter, Worrell, Eichhammer, 2011, p. 3110). As a result, companies act in a socially responsible manner that increases their reputation and image in the public. Internally, the companies save on costs hence resulting in increased productivity and profitability. Dealing with waste wastage by companies results in improved corporate social responsiveness and proper mechanisms of giving back to the society. a clean environment is fit for human survival and healthy living. Companies, therefore, must develop proper mechanisms of dealing with energy conservation in order to enhance their sustainability in the e nvironment. Bibliography Energy Information Administration, 2013. International Energy Outlook, Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration. Fleiter, T., Worrell, E. Eichhammer, W. 2011. Barriers to energy efficiency in industrial bottom-up energy demand models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 15, 3009-3111 Ghosh Duke and Joyashree Roy, 2011. Approach to energy efficiency among micro, small and medium enterprises in India: Results of a field survey;? United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Vienna Heberlein, T.A., 2012. Navigating environmental attitudes.Conservation Biology,26(4), pp.583-585. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 2009. Energy Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. Vienna. Retrieved March 2, Kaur Harpreet Kamal deep Kaur, May 2012, ?ENERGY CONSERVATION: An effective way of energy Utilization IE Volume 2, Issue 5 ISSN: 2249-0558 Mace, G.M., 2014. Whose conservation?.Science,345(6204), pp.1558-1560. Navale Vijay and Narke Mahesh 2011,?Energy Audit Management?, Tech Easy Publications Pune, 1st Edition: 2-57 2-75. O'Riordan, T. ed., 2014.Environmental science for environmental management. Routledge. Price, L., and McKane, A., 2009. Industrial Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Mitigation: Policies and Measures to Realize the Potential in the Industrial Sector, Prepared in support of the UN 18International Energy Agency (IEA) 2008 Worldwide Trends in Energy Use and Efficiency Key Insights from IEA Indicator Analysis 2008 Raphael Wentemi Opening, May 2012, Energy Efficiency, and Management in Industries a case study of Ghanas largest industrial area. Rockwell Automation, 2012. Industrial Energy Management, Market Research Report. Savacool, B.K. Brown, M.A. 2009.Competing Dimensions of Energy Security: An International Perspective. Georgia Tech Ivan Allen College School of Public Policy. United Nation Industrialization Development Organization, (UNIDO). 2008. Standards for Energy Efficiency, Water, Climate Change and their Management. 42nd Meeting of ISO DEVCO. Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Worrell, E. 2011. The Next Frontier to Realize Industrial Energy Efficiency. World Renewable Energy Congress 2011-Sweden