Why was Italy not unified after the Congress of Vienna (1815)? :: essays research papers

onward the Congress of Vienna the French calling had far reaching affects on Italy. The proponent of the Church and the Pope was reduced, changes were make in landownership and land was redistributed. A new middle class began to appear. agriculture was improved and the peasants were freed from their old feudal ties and obligations. Then when pile was defeated and the return of the old regime and monarchs was started, Italy again became a country divided into cardinal independent states, excluding the tiny principalities and the Republic of San Marino. So Italy was not unified after the Congress of Vienna due to a outcome of reasons, such as the foreign influence of the Central European Powers, parochialism within the states, the lack of a common language and a strong economy coupled with the ridiculous geography that separated Italy from itself and the rest of Europe.One of the major factors that contributed to Italy not existence unified after the congress of Vienna was t he impact of foreign influence. Before the return of the old regime in Italy state boundaries were rearranged a number of times, ending up with a division of the peninsula into only three split instead of eleven states. One third, including Piedmont, was annexed to France, one third became the Kingdom of Italy, and Napoleons brother, Joseph, as the Kingdom of Naples, ruled the remainder. Yet at the restoration of the old regime in Italy after the Congress of Vienna, the Pope was among those who regained their positions. During the Napoleonic occupation successive Popes had been taken into exile in France, and the temporal power of the Pope as ruler of an Italian state had been declared at an end. But when the Pope returned he was intent on restoring temporal, as easily as spiritual, control. The Papal States were divided into seventeen provinces, five of which were under the leave of Papal Legates, or Cardinals, who acted as provincial governors. The remainder, which were nearer Rome, were controlled by priests cognise as Delegates. The whole administration of the Papal States was in the hands of the clergy. The direct people had no part in government, apart from a hardly a(prenominal) lay members of advisory bodies called congregations. Politically, Italy was fragmented. Further, half the states were governed by kings or dukes who already employed or hoped soon to inherit the thrones of the non-Italian countries.