How to create a completely peaceful world Essay

To pee a fully tranquilityful origination, both Federalism and non-violent foe composition be necessary. Federalism and non-violent subway system pile cooperate well to all told pass contendf be in the world. In this essay, I am arguing that n any federalism nor non-violent impedance puke achieve a unaggressive world independently. War comes from conflicts between communities or nations.We support pass off the al-Qaidas of conflicts from cle globe top executivet nature. I believe that the soldiers personnel nature is a hard combination including both Hobbes human nature hypothesis and Hegels keep down and slave theory. By looking at human nature, we privy see that federalism, which aims to establish a actorful planetary regimen, and non-violent bulwark, which includes demonstrations, obstruction, refusal to cooperate, boycotts, strikes, civil disobedience and so on, can deal with the conflicts and achieve peace (Awad 158). In the real world, however, ther e are more or less challenges to set up a powerful international federal organization and perform the non-violent oppositeness policy. The challenges are unsolved in this essay.Firstly, a single world government with its own dominant army is one of the necessary prerequisite for a peaceful world. The reason comes from Hobbes human nature theory. Hobbes believes that human nature is the elbow grease for gain, safety and reputation (Hobbes 30). The drive ca drop conflicts between human beings. Moreover, for as to the strength of body, the weakest has the strength to kill the strongest, either by secret machination, or by confederacy with others, that are in the same danger with himself (Hobbes 29). Thus, without a powerful government, the human society departing inevitably be in war, and such a war, as is of e real man against all(prenominal) man. (Hobbes 30). And consequently, the flavor of man willing be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. (Hobbes 31).At present, the international society is very compatible with Hobbes theory. With nuclearsubgenus Chen 2 weapons, the weakest nation has the potential office to destroy the strongest nation. Each nation has the nature drive for economic gain, safety and doughnut. Conflicts between nations are essential because of the intrinsic drive. Therefore, war becomes inevitable. Further much, the fast developing globalization has changed the world to be a tenuous village. onward the industrial revolution, people needed months or years to travel crisscross the continents or oceans. Geographic restraints greatly reduce the incentive of waging war to a faraway nation. The conflicts of gain, safety and reputation were greatly weakened by geographical distance. For example, no nation wanted to wage war from North the States to the Middle East thousands of years ago. In fact, lots of nations were sort of set-apart from the other nations.Thus, in the ancient time, there had no war of every nation aga inst every nation. However, nowadays technology has made the geographic barrier almost be vanished. Information transfers within the world in a few seconds. People can travel to anywhere in a couple of days. The world becomes a exquisite village. In this small village, every nation is competing with others for gain, safety, and reputations. With the natural conflicts between nations and the deadly power of nuclear weapons, sooner or later, the world will be inevitably in a war of every nation against every nation, and in such a war, the life will be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short. lonesome(prenominal) a world government with dominant military power can prevent such horrible condition. The world government can use its great despotic power to maintenance the peace between nations. If there is a war between nations or a civil war inside a nation, the world government can step in by its powerful army to stop the war. In terms of Hobbes get-go natural law, man is to seek pea ce, and follow it (Hobbes 33). Here, nations also apply to the send-off natural law, which is that all nations seek peace, so they follow the global government.Chen 3However, it should be noted that peace can not be fully achieved by the coercive global government. The global government uses its coercive military power to stop war, but it cannot fully prevent war. For example, when ii nations brook conflicts, and squeeze in a war, the world government can solo send its powerful army to stop the war aft(prenominal) the war has begun. On the other hand, the world government may dumbfound to use war to stop the war. For example, if one nation invades another nation, the world government may fetch to attack the invader to force it to strike out from the victim country. So the war still exists. Under this condition, non-violent resistance is the only way to prevent the war.Non-violent resistance is associated with Hegels view of human nature. Hegel believes that human nature is the drive of gaining recognitions from others. To gain recognition, individual(a) essential struggle to deplete superior power than others. Therefore, individual can have freedom as a master to force others to be slaves.The slaves have to work for the masters, and be surviving by the exchange of ac fuckledging the masters identity (Hegel 36). correspond to Hegels theory of human nature, the conflicts between human beings are not necessary to lead to war or ferocity. In other words, war is not inevitable. Since the human nature is to seek for recognition from others, if other individuals are killed by war or violence, the recognition by the other individual can not exist. So, human beings do not naturally have incentive to use violence or war to solve conflicts. tender beings, however, must want to only threaten others with destruction for recognition. The threat will neer be credible, because the death of the slavers will compel the master be meaningless. A master can not b e a master if there are no slavers at all.Therefore, non-violent resistance makes sense in dealing with conflicts in the world. For example, suppose there is a very small community with only deuce men inside. In terms of HegelsChen 4 human nature theory, both of the two men will struggle for recognition of being the master. The natural drive will cause conflicts between the two men. To solve the conflict, the stronger man will make a death threat to the weaker man. However, the stronger man actually will never kill the weaker man if the weaker man does not use violence against the stronger man, because the stronger man desires the recognition from the weaker man. So the weaker man does not need to fear the death threat.At the same time, the weaker man can not use violence to fight with the stronger man, because the weaker man will definitely be killed during the violent fight. Therefore, the weaker man can deal with the conflicts by non-violent resistance. Firstly, he knows that a v iolent fight will certainly cause his death. Secondly, he knows that non-violent resistance will never cause his death. By non-violent resistance, the weaker man does not obey the stronger mans order and he does not cooperate with the stronger man. Eventually, the stronger man cannot be a received master, and the weaker man will not be a true slave.Non-violent resistance can be used between communities and nations as well. In the global community, nations have natural desire to be acknowledged to be the dominant nation. For example, during the cold war era, both the Soviet Union and the get together States wanted to dominate the world. With much greater military power, the two superpowers have invaded some weaker countries. If all the weaker countries have used non-violent resistance schema, the war could be prevented. Meanwhile, since the weaker countries do not cooperate with the invader, the weaker countries would never be truly occupied.I am arguing that non-violent resistanc e can prevent war or violence, but I do not mean that non-violent resistance can always prevent war or violence. The assumption of using the non-violent resistance strategy is that the two individuals or nations in conflicts have very decidedChen 5 power difference. If the two nations have similar power, cryptograph can know which nation is undoubtedly much powerful. Thus, while having conflicts, the two similar powerful nations have to fight each other to find out who is really more powerful. As a result, there will have a war before the non-violent resistance to prevent wars.Thus, both federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary to achieve a completely peaceful world. The global government must have superior military power to deal with conflicts between nations. Inside individual nations, the national government must have dominant military power to deal with conflicts between diverse communities of the nation. While facing conflicts, all the weaker sides, for example, a community which has conflicts with the national government, or a nation which has conflicts with the global government, must deal with the conflicts by either negotiation or non-violent resistance instead of war or violence. Finally, the completely peaceful world will be achieved.Both Federalism and non-violent resistance are necessary because I believe that human nature is a complex combination of both Hobbes and Hegels theory. Human beings have the start natural desire for safety. The second natural desires are gain, nimbus and recognition. Without life, all the gain, glory and recognition are meaningless. So safety must be the first natural desire. When security is guaranteed, human beings will turn to pursue gain, glory and recognition.In theory, I argue that Federalism and non-violent resistance can completely eliminate war. In the real world, however, there are some challenges to realize Federalism and non-violent resistance. For instance, umteen people have Hobbesian syn drome. They buy into Hobbes human nature theory, but they do not agree with Hegels theory. Thus, they believe that war is inevitable without a powerful global government. However, there is no powerful global government now, soChen 6 the people who have Hobbesian syndrome always declare investing heavily on military resources to prepare for the future inevitable war. If a superpower holds this view, it is very rocky to establish a global government with dominant military power. For example, today the only superpower, the unite States, has nearly half of the whole world military spending annually. If the linked States does not disarm, it is very severe to set up a global government which has greater military power than the United States. It is a circle, without a powerful global government, the United States believes that it must engage great military resources. When the superpower United States engage great military resources, it is very difficult to set up a global government wi th a more powerful military.Another challenge comes from the non-violent strategy. When facing conflicts, sometimes it is ambiguous to know whether the conflicts come from the desire for safety, gain, glory or recognition. If the conflicts come from recognition, the non-violent resistance strategy will be very effective to prevent war or violence. However, if the conflicts come from safety, gain and glory, using non-violent resistance might just but like suicide. In history, there were lots of evidences of genocide incidents. For example, in the military man War II, Nazi tried to kill all the Jews. So it is difficult to persuade everybody to always behave non-violent resistance while having conflicts with much more powerful competitors.In sum, human nature is the natural desires of safety, gain, glory and recognition. To suffer the natural desires, conflicts between individuals or nations will emerge. The conflicts are the very root of wars. A powerful world government and univer sally accepted non-violent resistance strategy can terminate wars in the world. However, there are some unsolved challenges of establishing a powerful world government and accepting non-violent resistance universally.Awad, Mubarak E., Nonviolent Resistance A Strategy for the Occupied Territories from Non-violence in theory and Practice, Robert L Holmes. Ed. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1990.Hegel, G.W.F, Independence and Dependence of Self-Consciousness Relations of police captain and Servant from Phenomonology of Spirit, 2nd ed. Forrest E.Baird and Walter Kaufmann, eds, Prentice-Hall, 2000.Hobbes, Thomas, excerpt from Leviathan, Public Domain, 1651.